example of workdone for polytropic process

Other examples of an open system are the reaction between zinc granules and dilute hydrochloric acid in an open beaker. The water vapour (matter) will escape into the surroundings while the heat (energy) required for the evaporation will be absorbed by the system from the surroundings. Consider evaporation of water in an open beaker. (c) Open System: A system that can exchange both matters, as well as energy with its surroundings is called an open system. Since the vessel is closed, no exchange of matter between the system and the surroundings can occur, but since the vessel has conducting walls, the system inside the vessel can exchange (gain or lose) energy with its surroundings. Consider a system consisting of water in contact with its vapour in a closed (but not insulated) vessel. (b) Closed System: A system that can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings is called a closed system.

Further, since the vessel is insulated too, it can neither lose nor gain heat (energy) with its surroundings. Since the vessel is closed, no water or its vapours(matter) can leave or enter the vessel. Consider a system consisting of water in contact with its vapour in a closed and insulated vessel. (a) Isolated System: A system that can exchange neither energy nor matter with its surroundings is called an isolated system. The three respective systems are known as isolated, closed, and open. The boundary may be open when both matter and energy can be exchanged between the system and the surroundings.The boundary may be closed but not insulated, and thus only energy can be exchanged and not matter.The boundary may be closed and insulated so that neither matter nor heat (energy) can be exchanged between the system and surroundings.The thermodynamic systems can be divided into three types depending upon the nature of the boundary.

Example of workdone for polytropic process